Learning Spanish and the Pluperfect Tense
Learning Spanish and the Pluperfect Tense - he Pluperfect TenseIn this Spanish lesson, we will learn the Pluperfect Tense. Whether you are learning Spanish online, with CDs, or Learning Spanish software, you will find this lesson helpful in your journey to learn how to speak Spanish.
For the most part, the Pluperfect Tense is used to express a past fact or action that occurred before another past action took place.
In English, this can be expressed in the following manner:
I had thought of you when you called.
Although in English we tend to use the preterite to express two consecutive actions in the past, in Spanish this is rarely the case. Instead, the Pluperfect Tense is used.
In Spanish, the above sentence is translated to:
Yo hab a pensado en usted cuando llam .
Notice how the auxiliary verb haber (to have) is a prominent part of this tense, both in Spanish and in English. The main verb parallels the past participle.
Let us take a closer look at the conjugation for the Pluperfect Tense for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in Spanish.
Trabajar (to work)
yo hab a trabajado (I had worked) nosotros hab amos trabajado (we had worked)
t hab as trabajado (you had worked) ellos hab an trabajado (they had worked)
l hab a trabajado (he had worked) ellas hab an trabajado (they had worked)
ella hab a trabajado (she had worked) ustedes hab an trabajado (you had worked)
usted hab a trabajado (you had worked)
Notice how the conjugation for this tense is easily formed by adding - a to hab--the auxiliary verb haber's stem. The past participle for the main verb is then added to complete the conjugation.
This conjugation format is repeated for -er and -ir verbs as well.
Comer (to eat)
yo hab a comido (I had eaten) nosotros hab amos comido (we had eaten)
t hab as comido (you had eaten) ellos hab an comido (they had eaten)
l hab a comido (he had eaten) ellas hab an comido (they had eaten)
ella hab a comido (she had eaten) ustedes hab an comido (you had eaten)
usted hab a comido (you had eaten)
Salir (to go out)
yo hab a salido (I had gone out) nosotros hab amos salido (we had gone out)
t hab as salido (you had gone out) ellos hab an salido (they had gone out)
l hab a salido (he had gone out) ellas hab an salido (they had gone out)
ella hab a salido (she had gone out) ustedes hab an salido (you had gone out)
usted hab a salido (you had gone out)
What follows are a few examples of the PluPerfect Tense in Spanish:
Yo hab a salido cuando el tel fono son .
(I had gone out when the telephone rang.)
Juan y yo ya hab amos cenado cuando Sra. Patricia nos ofreci comida.
(We had already had dinner when Mrs. Patricia offered us food.)
Mauricio hab a hablado con su pap cuando lleg su mam .
(Mauricio had spoken to his father when his mother arrived.)
Roberto y Julio hab an bebido ron antes de llegar a la fiesta.
(Roberto and Julio had drank rum before they arrived at the party.)
Josefina no hab a dormido mucho antes de entrarse en el avi n.
(Josefina had not slept a lot before she entered the airplane.)
Now let s try a few exercises. Translate the following into Spanish. The answers follow the exercise.
1. Clara had cleaned the house when her friends arrived.
2. I had practiced my Spanish before Juan called me.
3. We had eaten too much, when the dessert arrived.
4. Paco and Enrique had finished the exam when the bell rang.
5. You had changed your dollars to pesos before the bank closed.
6. They had gone to the beach before it rained.
7. Marisol and I had eaten breakfast before we went to school.
8. We had learned how to dance salsa before we traveled to Puerto Rico.
9. I had met Diego before he came here.
10. Humberto had written to Carmen when he received her letter.
1. Clara hab a limpiado la casa cuando llegaron sus amigas.
2. Yo hab a practicado mi Espa ol antes de Juan llamarme.
3. Hab amos comido demasiado cuando lleg el postre.
4. Paco y Enrique hab an terminado el examen cuando son la campana.
5. T hab as cambiado tus d lares a pesos antes de cerrar el banco.
6. Ellos hab an ido a la playa antes de llover.
7. Marisol y yo hab amos desayunado antes de ir a la escuela.
8. Hab amos aprendido como bailar la salsa antes de viajar a Puerto Rico.
9. Yo hab a conocido a Diego antes de venir l aqu .
10. Humberto le hab a escrito a Carmen cuando recibi su carta.
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